Ketanji Brown Jackson was born on September 14, 1970, in Washington, D.C., and grew up in Miami, Florida. Her parents were both public school teachers who instilled in her the importance of education and public service. Jackson's name "Ketanji Onyika" means "lovely one" in Igbo, reflecting her parents' pride in their African heritage.
Jackson attended Miami Palmetto Senior High School, where she excelled academically and was elected class president. She went on to Harvard University, graduating magna cum laude in 1992 with a Bachelor of Arts in government. She then attended Harvard Law School, serving as an editor of the Harvard Law Review and graduating cum laude in 1996.
After law school, Jackson clerked for three federal judges, including Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer, whose seat she would later fill. Her clerkships included:
Jackson worked in private practice at several prestigious law firms, including Miller, Cassidy, Larroca & Lewin and Goodwin Procter. She also served as an assistant federal public defender in the District of Columbia from 2005 to 2007, becoming one of the few Supreme Court justices with experience representing indigent criminal defendants.
President Barack Obama nominated Jackson to the United States District Court for the District of Columbia in 2012, and she was confirmed by the Senate in 2013. During her tenure, she presided over numerous significant cases, including:
President Joe Biden nominated Jackson to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 2021. She was confirmed by the Senate with bipartisan support and served from June 2021 until her elevation to the Supreme Court.
On February 25, 2022, President Biden nominated Jackson to replace retiring Justice Stephen Breyer. Her nomination was historic, making her the first Black woman to be nominated to the Supreme Court.
The Senate Judiciary Committee held confirmation hearings from March 21-24, 2022, where Jackson faced extensive questioning about her judicial philosophy, sentencing record, and approach to constitutional interpretation.
On April 7, 2022, the Senate confirmed Jackson by a vote of 53-47, with three Republican senators joining all Democrats in supporting her nomination. She was sworn in on June 30, 2022, becoming the 116th justice of the Supreme Court and the sixth woman to serve on the nation's highest court.
Jackson brings a distinctive perspective to the Court, shaped by her diverse legal background. Key aspects of her judicial approach include:
During her confirmation hearings, Jackson described her methodology as a "methodology that is rooted in the text," emphasizing that she looks to the text of statutes and the Constitution first.
Her background as a public defender gives her unique insight into criminal justice issues, making her the first justice since Thurgood Marshall with significant experience representing criminal defendants.
Her time on the D.C. Circuit, which handles many challenges to federal agency actions, provided her with substantial experience in administrative law.
Justice Jackson has emerged as a prominent voice on the Court, particularly in recent terms:
In July 2025, Jackson expressed apprehension about the Supreme Court's ruling that granted former President Donald Trump immunity from prosecution for official acts during his presidency. She stated, "I was concerned about a system that appeared to provide immunity for one individual under one set of circumstances, when we have a criminal justice system that had ordinarily treated everyone the same."
Jackson has emphasized the importance of public engagement with governmental institutions, stating, "I'm really interested in getting people to focus and to invest and to pay attention to what is happening in our country and in our government."
During the recent term ending in July 2025, Jackson issued more dissents than any other justice. She has been particularly critical of decisions that she views as expanding presidential powers and limiting judicial oversight. She described one ruling that scaled back the ability of lower courts to issue nationwide injunctions as "an existential threat to the rule of law."
Jackson has expressed openness to implementing an enforceable code of ethics for Supreme Court justices, questioning why the highest court should be different from other courts that have binding codes of ethics.
Justice Jackson's appointment represents several historic milestones:
Her presence on the Court brings diverse professional experiences and perspectives that enrich the Court's deliberations. As the youngest justice on the current Court, she is positioned to influence American jurisprudence for decades to come.
Jackson's commitment to transparency, accountability, and the preservation of democratic principles continues to shape her judicial approach and public statements, making her one of the most closely watched justices on the modern Supreme Court.
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